Titanium Nanoparticles in Theranostics: A Multifunctional Platform for Targeted Therapy and Advanced Diagnostics.

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science

Background:

• Titanium nanoparticles (TiNPs) possess unique physicochemical properties, including large surface area, photo-reactivity, and biocompatibility.
• Surface modification of TiNPs allows for versatile applications in various biomedical domains.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the theranostic potential of titanium nanoparticles (TiNPs).
• To explore the distinct physicochemical characteristics and biomedical applications of TiNPs, including gene transport, immunotherapy, antimicrobial therapy, cancer treatment, and biosensing.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive review of the multifunctional properties of TiNPs was conducted.
• TiNPs were assessed for their utility in drug delivery, photothermal/photodynamic therapy, biosensing, immunotherapy, gene therapy, antimicrobial activity, and various imaging modalities (MRI, CT, fluorescence, optical, photoacoustic).

Main Results:

• TiNPs enhance imaging accuracy and sensitivity, enabling real-time therapy monitoring.
• Targeted administration of TiNPs in oncology reduces systemic toxicity and improves therapeutic efficacy.
• TiNPs exhibit antiviral, antibacterial, and biofilm-inhibitory properties through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
• TiNPs facilitate immunotherapy and gene delivery via targeted uptake and electrostatic interactions.
• TiNPs demonstrate high-resolution molecular imaging capabilities and improved performance in biosensing and diagnostics.

Conclusions:

• Titanium-based nanostructures offer significant theranostic potential by integrating therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities.
• The multifunctional nature of TiNPs enables the development of next-generation targeted diagnostics and therapeutics.
• TiNPs contribute to improved treatment outcomes and personalized therapies.