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Behçet's syndrome: one year in review 2025.

Gülen Hatemi¹, Emire Seyahi¹, Izzet Fresko¹

¹Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Behçet's Disease Research Center, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.

Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology

|October 24, 2025

Summary

This review digests 2024 research on Behçet's syndrome (BS), covering epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment advances, including TNF inhibitors for this complex vasculitis.

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Area of Science:

Rheumatology
Immunology
Genetics

Background:

Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a complex vasculitis affecting multiple organs.
BS presents with diverse clinical manifestations, making diagnosis and management challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically review and synthesize recent research on Behçet's syndrome published in 2024.
To provide an updated understanding of BS pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature search of studies published in 2024 concerning Behçet's syndrome.
Critical analysis of research focusing on epidemiology, immunology, genetics, imaging, and therapeutics.
Synthesis of findings related to biomarkers, microRNAs, epigenetics, and treatment efficacy.

Main Results:

Recent studies have expanded understanding of BS epidemiology globally.
Advances in identifying immunological biomarkers and genetic factors influencing BS pathogenesis.
New insights into diagnostic imaging and the efficacy of TNF inhibitors versus conventional immunosuppressants.

Conclusions:

The 2024 literature highlights significant progress in unraveling Behçet's syndrome complexity.
Continued research is crucial for refining diagnostic criteria and optimizing patient management strategies.
Emerging data supports targeted therapies like TNF inhibitors in managing BS phenotypes.