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Is Night Shift Work Associated with Ovarian Cancer? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Ahmed Arafa1,2, Mazin Alhussein3, Amin Alayyan4

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Night shift work may increase ovarian cancer risk, particularly in case-control studies. Further research is needed to confirm this association in large prospective studies.

Keywords:
cancer preventionepidemiological evidencemeta-analysisnight shiftoccupational riskovarian cancersystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Occupational Health
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Night shift work is a probable carcinogen due to circadian rhythm disruption.
  • The link between night shift work and ovarian cancer risk is not well-established.
  • This study investigates the association between night shift work and ovarian cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze existing studies on night shift work and ovarian cancer.
  • To determine if night shift work is associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer.
  • To explore potential reasons for inconsistencies in previous research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of multiple databases until June 2025.
  • Pooled effect estimates using a random-effects model to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
  • Assessed heterogeneity using the I² statistic and publication bias using Egger's regression test and funnel plots.

Main Results:

  • Seven studies (eight cohorts) involving over 2.5 million women were included.
  • Overall, night shift work was not significantly associated with ovarian cancer (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.32).
  • Significant associations were found in case-control studies (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.66) and high-quality studies (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.37).

Conclusions:

  • While overall results were not significant, case-control studies suggest an increased ovarian cancer risk for night shift workers.
  • Exposure misclassification in some cohort studies may have attenuated risk estimates.
  • Larger prospective studies with detailed exposure assessments are needed to confirm findings.