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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

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Gustatory dysfunction is associated with increased mortality Among US adults.

Sophie E Yu1, Margaret B Mitchell2, Jonathan Zou3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.

Chemical Senses
|October 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Gustatory dysfunction (GD), or taste dysfunction, is linked to a higher risk of death. This study found that taste problems in older adults significantly increase the risk of all-cause mortality over five years.

Keywords:
NHANESgustatory dysfunctionmortalityolfactory dysfunctionpsychometric testingtaste dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Gustatory dysfunction (GD), or taste dysfunction, significantly impacts quality of life.
  • Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is linked to mortality in older adults, but GD's association remains understudied.
  • Understanding GD's impact on mortality is crucial for public health and aging research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between gustatory dysfunction and all-cause mortality in a large, nationally representative US cohort.
  • To explore potential underlying mechanisms and demographic factors influencing this relationship.
  • To provide evidence for clinical scrutiny of chemosensory dysfunction in aging.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) linked to the National Death Index (NDI).
  • GD assessed via self-report and objective psychometric tests (quinine, salt), excluding participants with OD.
  • Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for covariates, with subgroup analyses by age and sex.

Main Results:

  • Isolated psychometric GD was associated with an 87% increased risk of 5-year all-cause mortality (HR=1.87, P=0.023).
  • This association was significant in younger adults (40-64 years) and males.
  • Self-reported GD did not show a statistically significant association with mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Psychometric gustatory dysfunction is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in older adults.
  • This finding supports the link between chemosensory impairment and unhealthy aging.
  • Further clinical research is warranted to address the implications of taste dysfunction in mortality risk.