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The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea
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Identification of MicroRNAs Involved in Different Layers of Rice-Magnaporthe oryzae Interaction.

Sadam Hussain Bhutto1, Yong Zhu1, Hao Su1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.

Rice (New York, N.Y.)
|October 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study identifies key rice microRNAs (miRNAs) regulating immunity against the destructive rice blast fungus. It reveals specific miRNAs that control pathogen-associated molecular patterns-triggered immunity (PTI), effector-triggered susceptibility (ETS), and effector-triggered immunity (ETI).

Keywords:
Magnaporthe oryzaeETIETSMiRNAsPTIRice blast diseaseSmall RNA-sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is a major threat to global rice production.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of plant immunity, but their specific roles in rice-M. oryzae interactions are not fully understood.
  • Understanding miRNA involvement in pathogen-associated molecular patterns-triggered immunity (PTI), effector-triggered susceptibility (ETS), and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is vital for developing resistant rice varieties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically identify and characterize miRNAs involved in the three distinct layers of rice-M. oryzae interaction: PTI, ETS, and ETI.
  • To elucidate the regulatory functions of specific miRNAs in modulating rice resistance and susceptibility to blast fungus.
  • To map a miRNA-mediated regulatory network governing rice immunity against M. oryzae.

Main Methods:

  • Small RNA sequencing was employed to profile miRNAs in rice during M. oryzae interaction.
  • Bioinformatic analysis was used to identify and classify miRNAs regulating PTI, ETS, and ETI.
  • Experimental validation confirmed the roles of selected miRNAs in the different immunity pathways.

Main Results:

  • A total of 441 miRNAs were identified, with 13, 30, and 14 classified as regulators of PTI, ETS, and ETI, respectively.
  • Specific miRNAs were found to positively or negatively regulate PTI, ETS, and ETI, including previously known and a novel miRNA (miR408-5p).
  • miR398b was identified as enhancing rice resistance by promoting PTI and ETI while suppressing ETS, while other miRNAs like miR397b and miR408-5p promoted susceptibility.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct miRNAs play specific roles in modulating the three layers of rice immunity against M. oryzae.
  • A comprehensive miRNA-mediated regulatory network controlling rice-M. oryzae interactions has been elucidated.
  • These findings offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms of plant disease resistance and potential targets for crop improvement.