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Updated: Jan 14, 2026
Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
Published on: October 18, 2021
Trueness and precision of immediate implant placement using dynamic and robotic computer-assisted techniques at the
Wenying Wang1, Baoxin Tao1, Feng Wang2
1Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
Objectives:
This study aimed to compare the trueness and precision of mandibular molar immediate implant placement (IIP) between dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (dCAIS) and robotic computer-assisted implant surgery (rCAIS).
Methods:
Ten mandibular models with 40 implant sites, consisting of two types of molar extraction sockets (type B: multiple roots with septal bone; type C: single root without septal bone), were divided into the dCAIS group and the rCAIS group for IIP. The pre- and post-operative CBCT were compared, and the trueness of the implants was measured and statistically analyzed. Precision was evaluated using the Levene test (α = 0.05).
Results:
No significant differences were found between dCAIS and rCAIS in 3D or angular deviations. For trueness, the two groups were comparable (p > 0.05) except that rCAIS performed better in the buccolingual dimension (p = 0.003 at the crest and apex) in type C sockets. For precision, Levene's tests (α = 0.05) showed that dCAIS had significantly better precision across all sockets in the apicocoronal direction (p = 0.009 at the crest, p = 0.022 at the apex) and in the mesiodistal direction at the apex (p = 0.021).
Conclusions:
Both dCAIS and rCAIS achieved high trueness and precision for molar IIP. rCAIS achieved higher buccolingual trueness in type C sockets, whereas dCAIS provided greater precision.
Clinical Significance:
Both dynamic navigation and robotic-assisted systems achieve high accuracy in mandibular molar immediate implant placement. While rCAIS has an advantage in challenging type C sockets, dCAIS requires intentional adjustment in directions with uneven resistance to achieve optimal outcomes.
