Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...

Language and Cognition

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

Components of Language

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Towards stimulation-free automatic electrocorticographic speech mapping in neurosurgery patients.

Journal of neural engineering·2025

Same author

Representational dissimilarity component analysis (ReDisCA).

NeuroImage·2024

Same author

Real-time low latency estimation of brain rhythms with deep neural networks.

Journal of neural engineering·2023

Same author

Testing the efforts model of simultaneous interpreting: An ERP study.

PloS one·2018

Same author

Commentary: Functional Connectivity in the Left Dorsal Stream Facilitates Simultaneous Language Translation: An EEG Study.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2017

Same author

Source-space EEG neurofeedback links subjective experience with brain activity during effortless awareness meditation.

NeuroImage·2016

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

SIGNAL: Dataset for Semantic and Inferred Grammar Neurological Analysis of Language.

Anna Komissarenko^1,2, Ekaterina Voloshina³, Anastasia Cheveleva⁴

¹AIRI, Moscow, Russia. zhuravlevahanna@gmail.com.

Scientific Data

|October 24, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new dataset for brain-model alignment research, featuring controlled linguistic stimuli and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. The data supports investigating how large language models process language compared to the human brain.

More Related Videos

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

Published on: August 12, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

Published on: August 12, 2019

Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Computational Linguistics
Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Existing brain-model alignment studies often lack controlled linguistic stimuli and focus on regular reading tasks.
Interpretability of Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly utilizes meticulously designed linguistic tasks.
There is a need for datasets that bridge linguistic processing in humans and LLMs.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel dataset for brain-model alignment research in the linguistic domain.
To facilitate the study of human brain responses to linguistic incongruencies and compare them with LLM processing.
To provide controlled text stimuli and corresponding electroencephalography (EEG) data.

Main Methods:

Compilation of 600 sentences, including congruent and incongruent (grammatical/semantic) examples.
Assessment of text stimuli by native speakers for linguistic validity.
Collection of high-density 64-channel EEG recordings from 21 participants during stimulus presentation.
Validation of the dataset for suitability in brain-LLM alignment research.

Main Results:

A validated dataset comprising controlled linguistic stimuli and human EEG data is now available.
The dataset includes a mix of congruent and incongruent sentences designed to probe linguistic processing.
Initial validation confirms the data's suitability for future brain-model alignment studies.

Conclusions:

The presented dataset is well-suited for investigating brain-model alignment within linguistic contexts.
This resource enables comparative analysis of human and LLM linguistic processing.
Future research can leverage this dataset to enhance the interpretability and alignment of language models.