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Published on: July 22, 2013
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Biomimetic Carbon-Based Nanomaterials: From Design Strategies to Next-Generation Biosensing and Theranostic
Marzieh Ramezani Farani1, Ashkan Zandi2, Fatemeh Shojaeian3
1NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 25, 2025
Summary
Carbon-based nanomaterials offer advanced properties for biomedical engineering, enabling next-generation biosensing and theranostics. Innovations enhance biocompatibility and detection sensitivity for diagnostics and personalized therapies.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Materials Science
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) exhibit exceptional thermal, mechanical, electrical, and optical properties.
- Their versatile surface chemistries and tunable functionalities enable efficient light absorption and biomolecular interfacing.
- CBNs are leading candidates for biomimetic designs integrating organic and inorganic functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in CBNs for next-generation biosensing and theranostics.
- To highlight strategies for enhancing CBN biocompatibility, selectivity, and catalytic activity.
- To discuss innovations enabling ultra-sensitive detection and responsive therapeutic intervention.
Main Methods:
- Physicochemical engineering, DNA origami templating, peptide/enzyme assembly, polysaccharide anchoring, and lipid modification.
- Innovations in fluorescence switching, aptamer-CNT photophysics, and energy transfer.
- Integration of CBNs into field-effect transistors and laser-scribed graphene electrodes.
Main Results:
- Enhanced CBNs show improved biocompatibility, selectivity, and catalytic activity.
- Ultra-sensitive detection of various biomarkers including metal ions, metabolites, pathogens, and cancer biomarkers.
- Integrated platforms enable single-virus/cell diagnostics and responsive therapeutic interventions.
Conclusions:
- CBNs are crucial for advanced biosensing and theranostics, offering precision diagnostics and personalized therapies.
- Translational challenges include scalable synthesis, biosafety, and regulatory harmonization.
- Interdisciplinary strategies are proposed to advance clinical translation.
