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Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

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A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

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Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
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Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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Redox Titration: Overview01:21

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Redox titration is a chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by measuring the electron transfer in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The process involves gradually adding a titrant with a known concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent, to the analyte, the solution with an unknown concentration, until reaching the endpoint, which indicates the completion of the reaction between the two substances. Ensuring the analyte is in a single...
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Redox-Induced Atomic Switch as Platform for Molecular Electronics Devices.

Akira Aiba1,2, Marius Buerkle3, Satoshi Kaneko1,4

  • 1Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Institute of Science Tokyo, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a simple method for fabricating molecular junctions using atomic switches. This breakthrough simplifies the creation of novel molecular electronic devices, paving the way for post-silicon electronics.

Keywords:
acetylene, atomic switchconductive filamentinelastic electron tunneling spectroscopymolecular electronic devicesingle‐molecule junction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Molecular electronics offers a promising alternative to silicon-based technology.
  • Fabricating molecular junctions, essential for molecular devices, is complex and hinders progress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a simplified fabrication process for molecular junctions.
  • To enable efficient development of novel molecular electronic devices.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a tantalum oxide (Ta2O5)-based silver atomic switch.
  • Operating the switch via redox reactions and metal atom migration under ultra-high vacuum.
  • Employing inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy and first-principles calculations.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a simple fabrication process for molecular junctions.
  • Achieved novel conductive states around 0.1 G0 (G0 = 2e2/h) using atomic switches.
  • Identified acetylene molecular junctions on silver filaments as the source of conductivity.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed atomic switch method simplifies molecular junction fabrication.
  • This approach accelerates the development of molecular electronic devices by integrating molecular junctions with atomic conductive filaments.