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Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...
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Experimental Measurement-Device-Independent Verification of Continuous-Variable Entanglement.

Xutong Wang1, Jing Fu1, Jietai Jing1,2,3

  • 1East China Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Joint Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Shanghai 200062, China.

Physical Review Letters
|October 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers experimentally verified quantum entanglement independently of measurement devices. This work enhances the security of quantum information processing and quantum networks by ensuring reliable entanglement verification.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Experimental Quantum Physics

Background:

  • Quantum entanglement is crucial for quantum information technologies.
  • Verifying entanglement reliably is challenging with unreliable measurement devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate measurement-device-independent verification of continuous-variable (CV) entanglement.
  • To address the limitations of conventional entanglement witnesses with unreliable devices.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a measurement-device-independent entanglement witness for CV entanglement.
  • Experimental demonstration of the witness's robustness against local oscillator power and phase fluctuations.

Main Results:

  • Conventional CV entanglement witnesses can misidentify separable states as entangled when devices are unreliable.
  • The developed measurement-device-independent witness reliably verifies CV entanglement even with imperfect devices.

Conclusions:

  • This method eliminates the need for trusted measurement devices in CV entanglement verification.
  • Advances practical implementation of high-security quantum information processing and quantum networks.