Biologically Active Molecules from Marine Brown Algae: A Review of Their Potential and Applications

The highly bioactive secondary metabolites present in marine flora may prove to be abundant sources for producing innovative pharmaceuticals. Numerous brown algae species are being researched extensively because of their commercial relevance in nutraceuticals and medication discovery. The difficult environments that these creatures live in aid in the synthesis of special and powerful bioactive substances such as fucoidans, polysaccharides, hentriacontane, sterols like fucosterol, 24-ketocholesterol, and so forth. Despite its promising characteristics, additional in vivo studies are needed to validate algae's efficacy in a variety of applications. Effective extraction techniques must also be known to inexpensively isolate these chemicals, permit industrial application, and facilitate large-scale manufacturing. A comprehensive study of the genomes, metagenomics, transcriptomics metagenomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics of marine algae is also necessary to elaborate on the underlying genetic and metabolic pathways involved in the manufacture of algal chemicals; these topics are covered in detail in this review. Brown algae are a major source of numerous secondary metabolites as evidenced by their phytoconstituents. This review elucidates the bioactive substance found in marine brown algae and their major pharmacological role so as to pave the way for maximum utilization of these underused resources.