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Directional biofabrication using collagen-based decellularized extracellular matrix bioink for multi-layered cellular

Ashis Kumar Bera1, Soham Ghosh1, Amit Ghosh1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|October 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new 3D bioprinting method using decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) bioink to precisely align cells and collagen fibers in multi-layered engineered tissues for regenerative medicine applications.

Keywords:
Anisotropic tissue analogsCellular alignmentExtracellular matrix microfibersExtrusion-based 3D bioprinting

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Cellular alignment is crucial for tissue function.
  • Existing biofabrication methods struggle with precise multi-layered cellular organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel biofabrication approach for achieving controlled cellular alignment in multi-layered tissues.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of collagen-based decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) bioink with extrusion-based 3D bioprinting for cellular alignment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized extrusion-based 3D bioprinting with collagen-based decellularized ECM bioink.
  • Combined experimental validation with mathematical modeling to analyze cellular and fiber alignment.
  • Fabricated various tissue constructs including muscle, endothelial, corneal, neural, and bone tissues.

Main Results:

  • Successfully achieved significant alignment of collagen microfibers and encapsulated cells in intended directions across multiple layers.
  • Demonstrated functional characteristics in engineered smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle tissues via myogenic differentiation (RT-PCR).
  • Showcased successful fabrication of aligned endothelial layers, corneal tissue, neural tissue, and significant bone mineralization in engineered bone constructs.

Conclusions:

  • The novel biofabrication approach effectively addresses challenges in creating cellularly aligned tissues.
  • This technique advances tissue engineering by enabling precise control over cellular organization in 3D constructs.
  • The methodology holds significant promise for diverse applications in regenerative medicine.