Exploring a Novel Whole-Ovary Decellularization Technique for Developing Suitable Ovarian Bioscaffolds

Artificial ovary construction requires a biocompatible scaffold that mimics native extracellular matrix. This study developed a novel decellularization technique combining physical preconditioning (freeze-thaw cycle, multipoint needling, and 10% NaCl hypertonic solution) with shortened chemical detergent exposure (0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1% Triton X-100, and 2% sodium deoxycholate) for intact porcine ovaries. Compared to conventional chemical-only decellularization, the novel method better preserved glycosaminoglycan and collagen content, induced smaller changes in tissue elastic modulus, and supported higher granulosa cell fusion density in vitro. After subcutaneous implantation in mice, the novel scaffolds promoted greater cell infiltration and neovascularization, while triggering a lower M1-macrophage response. These results demonstrate that integrating physical steps enhances decellularization efficiency and biocompatibility, offering a promising strategy for generating functional ovarian bioscaffolds.