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Related Concept Videos

Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

45.8K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
45.8K
Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

36.3K
Colligative Properties of Electrolytes
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
36.3K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

1.1K
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
1.1K
Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

26.1K
Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
26.1K
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

71.0K
Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
71.0K
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

1.6K
Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
1.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
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Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

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Low-Concentration Electrolytes toward High-Performance Aqueous Ammonium-Ion Electrochromic Devices.

Chen Li1, Jiguang Chen1, Lei Liu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument and State Key Laboratory of Widegap Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|October 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers optimized ammonium-ion electrochromic devices (AECDs) using a low-concentration sulfate electrolyte. This breakthrough enhances electrochromic performance and cycling stability for intelligent electronics.

Keywords:
Prussian blue (PB)ammonium-ion electrochromic deviceselectrolyte suitabilitykineticsmolecular dynamics simulations

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Ammonium-ion electrochromic devices (AECDs) offer visible working states for intelligent electronics.
  • Developing high-performance and stable AECDs with suitable electrolytes remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrochemical and electrochromic properties of Prussian blue (PB) electrodes in various ammonium sulfate electrolytes.
  • To optimize AECD performance through electrolyte concentration and electrode material selection.
  • To enable real-time assessment of AECD operational status.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic investigation of PB electrodes in different aqueous electrolytes and ammonium sulfate concentrations.
  • Molecular dynamics simulations to understand ion diffusion.
  • Assembly and testing of a quasi-solid-state AECD using PB and NbWO electrodes with hydrogel electrolytes.

Main Results:

  • A 0.25 M ammonium sulfate electrolyte demonstrated optimal diffusion kinetics and electrochromic performance for PB electrodes.
  • PB electrodes achieved 82.3% performance retention over 5000 cycles.
  • The quasi-solid-state AECD exhibited 61.1% optical modulation and over 3000 cycles of stability.
  • A quantitative relationship between optical characteristics and electrochemical reactions was established.

Conclusions:

  • Low-concentration ammonium sulfate electrolytes are crucial for high-performance AECDs.
  • The developed quasi-solid-state AECD shows significant potential for practical applications.
  • Real-time operational state assessment of AECDs is now feasible, advancing intelligent electronic development.