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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Robotic Left Hepatectomy using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging for an Intrahepatic Complex Biliary Cyst
Published on: June 24, 2022
Derrick Liu1, Mallory Shields2, Catherine Stricklin2
1Frank H Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, United States.
Experienced laparoscopic surgeons can now track their robotic surgery proficiency using objective performance indicators (OPIs). This study identified key metrics and determined proficiency is reached after approximately 22 robotic cholecystectomy operations.
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