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GPT is all you need
1School of Aeronautical, Mechanical, Mechatronics and Electrical, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Frontiers in Psychology
|October 27, 2025
Summary
Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models act as cognitive scaffolds, enhancing thinking and learning. Further research is needed to understand GPT
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Science
- Artificial Intelligence
- Educational Psychology
Background:
- Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models, like ChatGPT, are transforming human cognition, learning, and interaction.
- Existing psychological frameworks (Cognitive Load Theory, Social Cognitive Theory, Zone of Proximal Development) provide a basis for understanding GPT's cognitive influence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore GPT's function as a cognitive scaffold supporting structured thinking, conversational agility, emotional regulation, and interdisciplinary learning.
- To propose theoretical mechanisms (neuroplasticity, meta-cognition, implicit learning) for GPT's cognitive impact.
- To introduce concepts of multi-modal GPT and Hybrid AGI for enhanced human-AI cognition.
Main Methods:
- Theoretical exploration grounded in established psychological theories.
- Conceptualization of novel GPT applications and human-AI symbiosis.
- Critical examination of GPT's limitations and practical implications.
Main Results:
- GPT models can potentially serve as cognitive scaffolds, influencing various cognitive functions.
- Theoretical mechanisms suggest GPT may impact neuroplasticity, meta-cognition, and implicit learning.
- Multi-modal GPT and Hybrid AGI represent future directions for cognitive extension.
Conclusions:
- GPT's role as a cognitive scaffold is a promising, yet speculative, area requiring empirical validation.
- Critical examination of limitations like hallucination and overreliance is essential for responsible development and use.
- This work provides a conceptual foundation for interdisciplinary research on GPT's long-term cognitive effects.
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