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AI-Powered Virtual Reality Simulation for Clinical Handover Training: A Development Framework
Maggie Mee Kie Chan1, Daphne Sze Ki Cheung, Ken Hok Man Ho
1Author Affiliations: School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China (Dr Chan); Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research/Alfred Health Partnership, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Dr Cheung); Senior Research Fellow, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Dr Cheung); Associate Professor, School of Nursing & Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Dr Ho); Teaching and Learning Innovation Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Dr Hung, Mr Tai); and School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Mr Wan, Mr Wong, Mr Cheuk, Mr Lai, Mr Chan).
Background:
Clinical handover is critical for patient safety in nursing; however, traditional methods often lack immersion, realism, and personalized feedback, which hinders effective student training.
Problem:
Nurse educators face technical challenges and limited practical guidance when integrating generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and virtual reality (VR) into handover education.
Approach:
This article shares our developmental framework for integration, consisting of a 3-layer architecture: system (ChatGPT integration for adaptive responses), interaction (gamification interface), and presentation (immersive VR with Identification, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation [ISBAR]-based AI avatars modeled after actual instructors).
Results:
Pilot testing with undergraduate students showed enhanced authenticity through real-person avatars and real-time ISBAR feedback, with challenges in nonverbal synchronization identified for future improvements.
Conclusions:
This developmental framework and implementation checklist provide nursing educators with systematic guidance for deploying AI-VR technology in clinical handover training, positioning nursing education at the forefront of pedagogical innovation.
