The influence of lip reconstruction on mother-infant bonding during the perioperative phase

This study explored the impact of lip reconstruction during the perioperative phase on maternal bonding with children affected by cleft lip.

Visible facial deformities like cleft lip can distress caregivers and strain the mother-child bond. Lip reconstructive surgery drastically alters a child's appearance and expression within hours, potentially impacting maternal attachment. However, research on how the perioperative phase affects maternal-infant attachment and its vulnerabilities remains limited.

Forty-four mothers of children with cleft lip participated in two interviews: one before surgery and another during the postoperative inpatient stay. An online survey, conducted at least three months post-surgery, assessed maternal bonding, psychosocial challenges, daily difficulties related to the cleft, and satisfaction with surgical outcomes. Maternal attachment style and mother-infant bonding were evaluated using validated questionnaires.

The perioperative phase of lip reconstruction did not affect the overall mother-infant bond. However, mothers who struggled to interpret their child's needs faced more challenges during the inpatient stay. Single mothers and those with a secure attachment style showed a stronger, more resilient bond. Post-discharge, mothers reported an improved bond, better understanding of their child's needs, and greater social comfort.

This study suggests that cleft lip reconstruction plays a crucial role in strengthening the mother-child bond. Cleft malformations can adversely affect maternal well-being by complicating the interpretation of a child's needs. A secure maternal attachment style appears to offer protective benefits during the cleft repair hospitalization period. Preoperative consultations are essential for addressing concerns and providing reassurance to caregivers.