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Updated: Jan 13, 2026
In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing
Published on: May 11, 2021
In vitro screening of nutrients regulating sheep intramuscular angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and lipid deposition using
Yating Li1,2, Xiaoying Sun1, Yue Lv1
1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
Background:
The deposition of intramuscular fat (IMF) in livestock can enhance the flavor and tenderness of meat products, significantly increasing consumer satisfaction. To achieve this industrial trait, this study investigated the regulatory effects of 20 dietary nutrients on sheep IMF deposition using a 3D organoid culture model.
Results:
Key nutrients enhancing angiogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, and lipid accumulation were identified through assessments of capillary sprouts development, mRNA expression, and Oil Red O staining. Vitamins C (VC), E (VE), and K1 (VK1), guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), leucine (Leu), lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), tryptophan (Trp), α-linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA), cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (c9, t11-CLA), acetic acid (HAc), and sodium acetate (NaAc) stimulated while vitamins B9 (VB9), D (VD), K2 (VK2), taurine (Tau), and sodium butyrate (NaBu) inhibited angiogenesis (P < 0.05). Furthermore, VC, VE, VK1, VK2, GAA, Leu, NCG, Trp, ALA, LA, and HAc enhanced adipocyte differentiation, with VE, VK1, GAA, Leu, LA, and HAc additionally elevating lipid accumulation (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
Various nutrients play distinct regulatory roles in angiogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, and lipid accumulation. These findings provide a roadmap for further optimizing the production of marbled meat through nutritional intervention in actual livestock breeding production.
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