Glucocorticoid-induced myopathy: a comprehensive review

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Neuromuscular Disorders
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Glucocorticoid-induced myopathy (GIM) is a common, underdiagnosed condition affecting quality of life and function.
• It presents with proximal muscle weakness, atrophy, fatigue, and reduced endurance, primarily in lower limbs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of GIM, including its pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic strategies.
• To highlight the need for improved diagnostic tools and validated treatments.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature review was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.
• Studies were selected based on relevance and methodological quality.

Main Results:

• GIM pathophysiology involves muscle protein degradation and inhibited synthesis.
• Diagnosis is challenging due to nonspecific symptoms and lack of biomarkers.
• Emerging therapies like growth hormone and physical therapy show promise but require further validation.

Conclusions:

• Effective GIM management requires early diagnosis, optimized corticosteroid use, and targeted therapies.
• Future research should focus on biomarkers, genetic factors, and validating new interventions.