Emerging Biomarkers and Nanobiosensing Strategies in Diabetes

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Molecular Biology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with impaired glucose regulation and severe complications.
• Current diagnostics rely on glucose monitoring, missing early molecular changes.
• MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and adipokines are emerging biomarkers offering diagnostic and prognostic value.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the clinical relevance of miRNAs and adipokines as biomarkers for diabetes.
• To explore the evolution of biosensor technologies for detecting these biomarkers.
• To analyze challenges and future directions in nanobiosensor applications for diabetes management.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of diabetes pathophysiology, biomarkers (miRNAs, adipokines), and biosensor technologies.
• Focus on advancements in nanobiosensors for sensitive and selective detection.
• Critical analysis of current research, challenges, and future prospects.

Main Results:

• miRNAs and adipokines show significant potential as early diagnostic and prognostic markers for diabetes.
• Nanobiosensors enable highly sensitive, selective, rapid, and minimally invasive detection of these biomarkers.
• Technological advancements are expanding the scope of biosensors beyond glucose monitoring.

Conclusions:

• Monitoring altered levels of miRNAs and adipokines via nanobiosensors can lead to early diabetes diagnosis and improved management.
• Nanotechnology-driven biosensors offer a promising platform for next-generation diabetes diagnostics.
• Further research and development are crucial to overcome challenges and realize the full potential of these technologies.