Natural Polymers, Their Modifications and Composites with Synthetic Polymers for Tympanic Membrane Regeneration

The perforation of the tympanic membrane is a world-wide clinical problem resulting from trauma or infection and requiring effective regeneration methods. In recent years researchers have focused on natural polymers as promising materials for restoring the structure and function of the tympanic membrane. This review summarizes current advances in the use of natural polymers, such as silk fibroin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, collagen, bacterial cellulose, alginates and others, for the treatment of tympanic membrane perforations. The key properties of these materials are discussed, including their biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength, and ability to support cell adhesion and proliferation. The review also covers the potential of natural polymers and their combinations in tympanic membrane regeneration and suggests the directions for future research.