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Preparation of Light-responsive Membranes by a Combined Surface Grafting and Postmodification Process

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Published on: March 21, 2014

Advanced Post-Processing Techniques for Hydrophobic and Flame-Retardant Textiles.

Andrey A Vodyashkin¹, Mstislav O Makeev¹

¹Bauman Moscow State Technical University (BMSTU), 2-ya Baumanskaya St., 5, p.1, Moscow 105005, Russia.

|October 28, 2025

Summary

This review explores simple, safe methods to make textiles hydrophobic and flame-resistant. Environmentally friendly approaches create cotton with high water repellency and improved fire safety for protective gear and everyday use.

Keywords:

fabric surface modifications fibres fire retardant flame-retardant textiles functional textiles hydrophobicity

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Textile Engineering
Surface Chemistry

Background:

Textiles are ubiquitous, with vast global production.
Enhancing textiles with protective functions improves safety and enables personal protective equipment (PPE).
Post-production modification offers a route to advanced textile properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To review strategies for post-production modification of textile fabrics.
To focus on achieving hydrophobicity and flame resistance.
To present simple, safe, and environmentally friendly methods.

Main Methods:

Surface morphology control for hydrophobization.
Chemical treatments for hydrophobicity and flame resistance.
Evaluation of contact angles and Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI).

Main Results:

Methods achieving a hydrophobic contact angle of approximately 150° are demonstrated.
Environmentally friendly approaches yield cotton with an LOI greater than 35%.
Successful modification for moisture-proof and flame-resistant textiles.

Conclusions:

Post-production modification is effective for imparting hydrophobic and flame-resistant properties to textiles.
Simple, safe, and eco-friendly methods are available.
These advancements benefit specialized protective clothing and everyday garments.