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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
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Functionalization of Textile Materials for Advanced Engineering Applications.

Andrey A Vodyashkin1, Mstislav O Makeev1, Dmitriy S Ryzhenko1

  • 1Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2-я Baumanskaya St., 5, Moscow 105005, Russia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This review explores advanced textile functionalization for engineering applications. It highlights conductive, adaptive, and bioactive textiles, emphasizing scalable methods like inkjet printing for industrial use.

Keywords:
bioactive textilesconductive textilesfabricfabric functionalizationstimulus-sensitive materialssurface modificationtextiles

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Textile Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Textile materials are crucial in apparel, domestic products, and medical systems.
  • Limited integration of novel functionalization strategies in large-scale textile production.
  • Recent advances enable textiles with electrical, adaptive, and biological functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Summarize recent progress in textile material functionalization for engineering and industrial applications.
  • Focus on conductive, adaptive, and bioactive textiles.
  • Facilitate transition from lab research to practical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of methods for integrating conductive elements into fibrous structures.
  • Discussion of inkjet printing for high-resolution conductive pattern deposition.
  • Overview of stimuli-responsive and bioactive functionalization techniques.

Main Results:

  • Development of conductive textiles for extreme conditions (e.g., low temperatures).
  • Inkjet printing preserves textile properties while enabling functionalization.
  • Adaptive textiles offer camouflage and wearable system potential.
  • Bioactive textiles demonstrate antibacterial properties against pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging textile functionalization strategies offer significant potential for engineering and industrial implementation.
  • Scalable techniques like inkjet printing are key for commercialization.
  • Functionalized textiles are vital for sensing, thermal regulation, energy, camouflage, and healthcare applications.