Strength Exercise F-v and P-v Profiles as Predictors of Elite Sprint-Cycling Performance

Maximal neuromuscular performance is a critical determinant of track sprint-cycling performance. This study investigated the relationships between force-velocity (F-v) and power-velocity (P-v) profiles derived from 5 strength exercises and maximal cycling performance in both seated and standing sprint positions.

Twenty-three elite track sprint cyclists (7 female, 16 male; flying 200 m: 9.5-11.5 s) participated in progressive loading tests involving back squat (BS), front squat, power clean (PC), leg press, and deadlift, in addition to maximal seated and standing acceleration sprints on a velodrome. F-v and P-v profiles were established using linear and nonlinear regression models to calculate maximal force (Fmax), maximal power output (Pmax), and maximal movement velocity (vmax) for each task performed.

Significant positive correlations were observed between Fmax and Pmax across all strength exercises and cycling positions (r = .656-.914, P < .05). Partial correlations highlighted Fmax in the BS, front squat, and deadlift and Pmax in the PC and leg press as primary contributors, corresponding to intersection points of exercise- and cycling-specific F-v profiles. Multiple-regression analysis identified BS Fmax and PC Pmax as the strongest predictors of cycling Fmax and Pmax (R2 = .694-.964, P ≤ .001). Conversely, vmax was not significantly associated with any cycling performance variables.

Strength exercises that replicate the kinematic patterns and F-v demands of sprint cycling, particularly BS and PC, are strongly associated with cycling-specific F-v and P-v characteristics, emphasizing that such exercises may enhance the transfer of strength gains to on-bike sprint performance. However, intervention studies are required to confirm causality.