Strength Exercise F-v and P-v Profiles as Predictors of Elite Sprint-Cycling Performance

Area of Science:

• Sports Science
• Biomechanics
• Exercise Physiology

Background:

• Maximal neuromuscular performance is crucial for elite track sprint cycling.
• Understanding the relationship between strength exercises and cycling performance is key for training optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the associations between force-velocity (F-v) and power-velocity (P-v) profiles from strength exercises and maximal cycling performance.
• To identify which strength exercises and their derived profiles best predict on-bike sprint capabilities.

Main Methods:

• Twenty-three elite track cyclists performed progressive loading tests on five strength exercises (back squat, front squat, power clean, leg press, deadlift).
• Maximal seated and standing sprints were conducted on a velodrome.
• Force-velocity (F-v) and power-velocity (P-v) profiles were analyzed using regression models to determine maximal force (Fmax), maximal power output (Pmax), and maximal velocity (vmax).

Main Results:

• Strong positive correlations were found between maximal force (Fmax) and maximal power output (Pmax) across strength exercises and cycling positions (r = .656-.914, P < .05).
• Back squat Fmax and power clean Pmax were identified as the strongest predictors of cycling Fmax and Pmax (R2 = .694-.964, P ≤ .001).
• Maximal movement velocity (vmax) showed no significant association with cycling performance variables.

Conclusions:

• Strength exercises, particularly the back squat and power clean, that match the kinematic and F-v demands of sprint cycling are strongly related to on-bike performance.
• These exercises may facilitate the transfer of strength improvements to sprint cycling.
• Further intervention studies are needed to establish a causal relationship.