[Circadian Medicine - How Relevant is it in Anesthesiology?]

The circadian system, also known as the internal clock, plays an essential role in regulating physiological processes that are adapted to the 24-hour day-night cycle. This system modulates sleep-wake cycles, hormone secretion, metabolism, immune and cognitive functions, among other processes. In anesthesiology, we use hypnotics to strongly influence consciousness, sleep architecture, and the nervous system. It is therefore assumed that anesthesia and sedation may also influence circadian rhythms, as patients often report sleep disturbances and other cognitive and emotional impairments after anesthesiological procedures and surgeries. This overview summarizes current findings on the effects of anesthesia on circadian rhythms and highlights possible mechanisms and clinical implications.