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Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus
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Risk Factors for Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Francesco Signorelli1, Matteo Palermo1, Francesco Onorati1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.

Brain Sciences
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ventriculoperitoneal shunting infection (VPSI) is a serious risk. Congenital hydrocephalus and spinal dysraphism increase VPSI risk, while tumor-associated hydrocephalus decreases it. Further research is needed for better patient care.

Keywords:
hydrocephalusinfectionventriculoperitoneal shunt

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Pediatric Neurosurgery
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) is a primary treatment for hydrocephalus.
  • VPS infection (VPSI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
  • Existing literature lacks a comprehensive meta-analysis on VPSI risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze clinical factors associated with VPSI.
  • To identify specific hydrocephalus etiologies and types that influence VPSI risk.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases.
  • Data extraction included patient demographics, hydrocephalus etiology/type, and infection outcomes.
  • Meta-analysis of five studies encompassing 2333 patients (225 with VPSI).

Main Results:

  • Tumor-related hydrocephalus was associated with a reduced risk of VPSI (OR 0.418, p < 0.001).
  • Congenital hydrocephalus (OR 2.502, p < 0.001) and spinal dysraphism (OR 2.359, p < 0.001) significantly increased VPSI risk.
  • Analysis identified three key factors influencing VPSI development.

Conclusions:

  • VPSI is a critical complication following shunt surgery.
  • Specific hydrocephalus etiologies are significant predictors of VPSI risk.
  • Large, prospective multicenter studies are recommended to validate findings and identify additional risk factors for improved patient management.