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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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A Multimodal Imaging Framework to Advance Phenotyping of Living Label-free Breast Cancer Cells
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Multicentric and Multifocal Breast Tumors-Narrative Literature Review.

Mircea-Octavian Poenaru1,2, Mihaela Amza1,2, Cristian-Valentin Toma3,4

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.

Cancers
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Multifocal and multicentric breast cancers (MF/MC) are common and can be treated with breast-conserving therapy (BCT). Modern management ensures survival rates over 90% for early-stage MF/MC disease.

Keywords:
breast-conserving surgerymulticentric breast cancermultifocal breast cancermultiple ipsilateral breast tumorsprognosis

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Breast Cancer Research
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Multifocal (MF) and multicentric (MC) breast cancers involve multiple tumor foci within one breast, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • Historically, MF/MC breast cancers were often treated with mastectomy, but advancements have led to reconsidering breast-conserving therapy (BCT).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, pathology, imaging, treatment, and prognosis of MF/MC breast cancers.
  • To evaluate the current role of breast-conserving therapy (BCT) in managing MF/MC breast cancers.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative literature review was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus.
  • Analysis included over 55 relevant studies published within the last 10-15 years, focusing on systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and large cohorts.

Main Results:

  • MF/MC breast cancers occur in 10-24% of cases, with MRI increasing detection rates.
  • MF/MC is associated with lobular histology, younger age, and higher nodal positivity (up to 45%).
  • Contemporary data show no significant survival difference between MF/MC and unifocal tumors with appropriate multimodal therapy, with survival exceeding 90% for early-stage disease.

Conclusions:

  • MF/MC breast cancers are biologically diverse, requiring precise diagnosis and tailored treatment.
  • Multidisciplinary management, including advanced imaging, complete excision, and systemic therapy, is crucial.
  • Breast conservation is increasingly accepted for selected MF/MC breast cancer patients.