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Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry

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Color Change in Commercial Resin Composites with Different Photoinitiators.

Feng Gao^1,2, David W Berzins¹

¹School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

|October 29, 2025

Summary

Resin composites with alternative photoinitiators showed greater color change after polymerization but maintained stability during aging. Shade selection guides are recommended for resin composites with additional photoinitiators besides camphorquinone.

Keywords:

TPO aging color change commercial resin composites photoinitiator polymerization

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Area of Science:

Dental Materials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Color Science

Background:

Camphorquinone (CQ) in resin composites (RCs) causes yellowing.
Manufacturers add alternative photoinitiators to reduce CQ levels.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate color change in commercial RCs with alternative photoinitiators.
Evaluate color stability upon polymerization and aging in air and artificial saliva.

Main Methods:

Tested seven commercial RCs (traditional and bulk-fill) with CQ only or CQ+.
Measured color change (ΔE) using spectrophotometry (CIELab, CIEDE2000).
Analyzed data with ANOVA and SNK tests.

Main Results:

CQ+ RCs showed greater ΔE upon polymerization than CQ only (except HyperFIL).
Storage conditions impacted color stability after 1 and 3 months.
Color changes in artificial saliva were clinically acceptable for all RCs except HyperFIL.

Conclusions:

Alternative photoinitiator systems increase initial polymerization color change but not aging color change.
Clinically acceptable color stability was observed in most RCs aged in artificial saliva.
Utilize shade guides reflecting post-polymerization color for RCs with additional photoinitiators.