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Flux-Dependent Superconducting Diode Effect in an Aharonov-Bohm Interferometer.

Yu-Mei Gao1, Hao-Yuan Yang2, Feng Chi1

  • 1School of Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528400, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 29, 2025
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Summary

Researchers explored the superconducting diode effect (SDE) in an Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interferometer. They found that controlling quantum interference in the device can achieve up to 80% diode efficiency, paving the way for novel superconducting electronics.

Keywords:
Aharonov–Bohm interferometermagnetic fluxquantum dotsuperconducting diode effectsupercurrent

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Electronics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Superconducting diode effect (SDE) enables nonreciprocal charge transport in superconductors.
  • Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interferometers offer a platform to control quantum interference phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the SDE in an AB interferometer with a quantum dot (QD).
  • To explore the role of quantum interference and time-reversal symmetry breaking in inducing SDE.
  • To optimize diode efficiency by controlling transport pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of an AB interferometer with an Indium Arsenide (InAs) QD in one arm.
  • Analysis of supercurrents and Fano line shapes due to interference between Andreev bound states and continuous states.
  • Investigation of the effect of magnetic flux on time-reversal symmetry and phase differences.

Main Results:

  • The SDE is induced by magnetic flux modulating quantum phase differences, leading to asymmetric critical supercurrents.
  • Critical supercurrents exhibit Fano line shapes resulting from interference effects.
  • Maximum diode efficiency of 80% is achieved when QD transport dominates; efficiency weakens when the direct arm dominates due to higher-order interference.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed AB interferometer design is simple and feasible with current nanofabrication.
  • The study demonstrates a viable route to realize high-efficiency SDE in superconducting devices.
  • This work contributes to the development of nonreciprocal superconducting electronic components.