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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

48.7K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers
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Topological Phase Transition in Two-Dimensional Magnetic Material CrI3 Bilayer Intercalated with Mo.

Chen-En Yin1, Angus Huang1, Horng-Tay Jeng1,2,3,4

  • 1Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Molybdenum-intercalated chromium triiodide bilayers show ferromagnetic semiconductor properties. This discovery paves the way for tunable spintronic devices by enabling manipulation of the quantum anomalous Hall effect.

Keywords:
2D topological materialfirst-principle calculationmagnetismquantum anomalous Hall effecttopological phase transitions

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Phenomena

Background:

  • Exploration of novel two-dimensional (2D) materials is driven by graphene's discoveries.
  • Investigating alternative 2D materials for unique physical phenomena is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate Mo-intercalated CrI3 bilayer.
  • To reveal its potential for quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) and spintronic applications.

Main Methods:

  • First-principles calculations were employed for theoretical investigation.
  • Analysis of electronic band structure and magnetic properties.

Main Results:

  • Mo-intercalated CrI3 bilayer exhibits ferromagnetic semiconductor behavior.
  • A small magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) of 0.618 meV/Cr(Mo) was found.
  • Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) induces band gaps, enabling QAHE with a nonzero Chern number.

Conclusions:

  • The system demonstrates tunable topology and QAHE originating from the quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE).
  • The small MAE allows for experimental manipulation of magnetization via external magnetic fields.
  • Mo-intercalated CrI3 is a promising material for advanced spintronic applications.