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Three-Dimensionally Printed Temperature Sensors Based on Conductive PLA Materials.
Agnese Staffa1, Gašper Krivic2, Mariachiara Tocci1
1Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via Goffredo Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 29, 2025
Summary
Researchers developed a 3D-printed temperature sensor using conductive PLA filament. This innovative sensor shows a reliable correlation between electrical resistance and temperature, enabling accurate thermal monitoring in printed structures.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Additive Manufacturing
- Sensor Technology
Background:
- Advancements in thermoplastic extrusion 3D printing enable functional materials like conductive composites.
- Conductive composites pave the way for integrating sensors directly into 3D-printed structures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the feasibility of using commercial conductive PLA filament for 3D-printed temperature sensors.
- To analyze the relationship between electrical resistance and temperature in 3D-printed samples.
Main Methods:
- Conducting experiments on 3D-printed samples made from conductive PLA.
- Analyzing the correlation between electrical resistance and temperature.
- Deriving a function to estimate temperature from resistance measurements.
Main Results:
- A clear and reproducible relationship was found between electrical resistance and temperature.
- A function was successfully derived for temperature estimation based on resistance.
Conclusions:
- Conductive PLA is a viable, low-cost material for creating integrated temperature sensors.
- This work advances the integration of functional sensors via additive manufacturing for thermal monitoring.
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