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Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation01:25

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.

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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

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Two-Color Fluorescence Thermometry Using Lock-in Amplifiers for Background Suppression.

Benjamin R Anderson1, Hergen Eilers2

  • 1Applied Sciences Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study optimizes lock-in amplifier (LIA) use in two-color fluorescence thermometry. We detail how LIA parameters and background pulses affect background suppression and temperature accuracy for precise thermal measurements.

Keywords:
background suppressionexplosionsfluorescencelock-in amplifiersratio thermometrythermometry

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Optical Engineering
  • Measurement Science

Background:

  • Two-color fluorescence thermometry offers non-contact temperature measurement.
  • Lock-in amplifier (LIA) techniques are crucial for sensitive signal detection.
  • Optimizing LIA parameters is essential for accurate thermometry, especially for transient events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively study the lock-in amplifier detection technique in two-color fluorescence thermometry.
  • To model and measure the influence of LIA parameters and background pulse characteristics on signal detection.
  • To provide experimental design guidelines for improved accuracy in fluorescence thermometry.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of LIA performance.
  • Experimental measurements of LIA response to varying parameters.
  • Analysis of background pulse effects (width, steepness) on signal suppression.
  • Modeling LIA parameter impact on short-duration temperature measurements.

Main Results:

  • Quantified the effect of LIA parameters (reference frequency, time constant, roll-off) on background suppression.
  • Determined the impact of background pulse characteristics on measurement accuracy.
  • Identified optimal LIA settings for minimizing background noise and maximizing temperature resolution.
  • Demonstrated LIA's capability for accurate temperature measurements of rapid thermal events.

Conclusions:

  • Effective utilization of lock-in amplifiers is critical for high-fidelity two-color fluorescence thermometry.
  • Understanding the interplay between LIA settings and experimental conditions enhances measurement precision.
  • This work provides a practical guide for optimizing LIA-based fluorescence thermometry experiments.