Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

51.6K
Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
51.6K
Electrical Conductivity01:13

Electrical Conductivity

1.7K
In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
In a practical conductor, an applied electric field may be sustained, causing a flow of electrons, which produce a current. The differential form of the current, the current density, is related to the electric field.
More generally, it is related to the force per unit charge, which involves the...
1.7K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

127.3K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
127.3K
Conductors and Insulators01:19

Conductors and Insulators

10.4K
Some materials may easily let electrical charges pass through them, while others obstruct their flow. The former are called conductors and the latter insulators. The atomic structures of materials determine whether they are conductors or insulators of electricity.
Most metals are conductors. Their atomic configuration is such that one or more electron(s) are loosely bound to the nucleus in each atom. Thus, a sea of mobile electrons are available in them, known as free electrons. Their easy...
10.4K
Ionic Strength: Overview01:12

Ionic Strength: Overview

2.7K
The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution...
2.7K
Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

1.3K
There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Wear in multiple network elastomers arises from the continuous accumulation of molecular damage rather than microcrack growth.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Probing the microscopic origin of toughness in multiple polymer networks.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Quantitative stress and damage mapping in multiple network elastomers using a single mechanophore.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

The origin of high adherence in PSA foam tapes.

Soft matter·2025
Same author

Gelatin Thin Coatings Covalently Cross-Linked and Grafted on Model Plane Substrates and Surgical Implant Fibers.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2025
Same author

Reactive mixing enables enzymatic depolymerization of recalcitrant or unsortable polyester wastes.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same journal

Synthetic Porous Carbons for High-Energy, High-Power Supercapacitors.

Chemical reviews·2026
Same journal

Navigating Misfolded Terrain: ER-Associated Degradation of Membrane Proteins.

Chemical reviews·2026
Same journal

Ink Design for Printing Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules.

Chemical reviews·2026
Same journal

Advanced Single-Atom Catalysts for Thermal-Catalytic C1 Chemistry.

Chemical reviews·2026
Same journal

Copper-Dependent Polysaccharide Monooxygenases: Mechanism and Function.

Chemical reviews·2026
Same journal

To Biotic or Abiotic: Biohybrid Systems for Artificial Photosynthesis.

Chemical reviews·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires
07:50

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

Published on: January 21, 2016

10.3K

Stretchable Ionic Conductors: Balancing Mechanical Properties and Ionic Conductivity.

Burebi Yiming1, Zheng Jia2, Costantino Creton1

  • 1Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France.

Chemical Reviews
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stretchable ionic conductors balance conductivity and strength for advanced soft electronics. Innovations in materials and design are key for durable, high-performance flexible devices.

More Related Videos

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh
11:09

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Published on: June 23, 2017

10.6K
Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators
14:42

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Published on: April 25, 2020

8.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 6, 2026

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires
07:50

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

Published on: January 21, 2016

10.3K
Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh
11:09

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Published on: June 23, 2017

10.6K
Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators
14:42

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Published on: April 25, 2020

8.7K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Electrochemical Engineering

Background:

  • Stretchable ionic conductors (SICs) are crucial for soft electronics, bioelectronics, and flexible energy devices.
  • Achieving a balance between ionic conductivity and mechanical robustness in solvent-free SICs remains a significant challenge.
  • Durability and long-term stability are critical for practical applications of SICs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review design strategies and key properties of stretchable ionic conductors.
  • To focus on the interplay between mechanical performance and ion transport in SICs.
  • To highlight promising approaches for optimizing SICs for next-generation stretchable devices.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of recent advances in elastomer-based SICs.
  • Review of innovative strategies: dynamic cross-linking, supramolecular interactions, phase-separated networks.
  • Examination of material architectures, cross-linking chemistry, and ion transport mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Emergence of promising SIC materials: poly(ionic liquid)-based elastomers (PILs), polymerizable deep eutectic solvents (PDESs), and dual-network ionogels.
  • These materials offer high stretchability, tunable conductivity, and improved mechanical strength.
  • Demonstrated potential for enhanced performance through specific design strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing SICs requires a deep understanding of the relationship between material design and performance.
  • Innovative strategies are paving the way for robust and highly conductive stretchable materials.
  • Further research in material architecture and ion transport mechanisms will drive the development of advanced stretchable devices.