Snake Envenomations Reported to Poison Centers in New York State, 2011-2022: 12 Years of Data

IntroductionSnake envenomation is relatively uncommon in New York State (NYS) but remains clinically relevant. The incidence and characteristics of snakebite and envenomation in NYS from 2000 to 2010 have been reported. This study sought to evaluate the incidence of snakebites in NYS from 2011 to 2022 and to describe recent patterns in terms of geography, time trends, and clinical characteristics.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study of snakebites reported to NYS poison control centers from January 2011 to December 2022. Data from the National Poison Data System were analyzed for demographics, geographic location, treatment, and medical outcome. Density maps were constructed to illustrate frequency across NYS counties, and a time-series plot was generated to demonstrate trends over time of snakebite reports.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2022, 564 snakebites were reported; 112 (19.9%) venomous snakes, 245 (43.4%) nonvenomous, and 207 (36.7%) unknown. Many cases were classified as minor outcomes (69.3%), and 6.6% of victims received antivenom. Both venomous and nonvenomous bites were common in more populous counties and correlated with known indigenous snake populations. Time-trend analysis showed a gradual nonlinear decrease in total number of snakebites reported over the study period.Conclusionssnakebites reported to NYS poison control centers have decreased over the last 12 y but remain a risk to the NYS population. Public education surrounding prevention strategies and standardized approaches to seeking medical care and clinical management of snakebite injuries remain an important area for research and public health. These data help inform clinical management and guide antidote stocking at healthcare facilities.