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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance
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European Study of Prostate Cancer Screening - 23-Year Follow-up.

Monique J Roobol1, Ivo I de Vos1, Marianne Månsson2

  • 1Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

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Long-term prostate cancer screening using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing significantly reduced mortality by 13%. This study highlights the benefits of PSA screening for prostate cancer, improving the harm-benefit ratio over time.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) began in 1993 to evaluate prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing's impact on prostate cancer mortality.
  • Rising global prostate cancer deaths necessitate long-term outcome analysis of screening to understand PSA testing's benefits and harms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a final analysis of the long-term outcomes of prostate cancer screening within the ERSPC.
  • To assess the sustained effect of PSA testing on prostate cancer mortality over an extended follow-up period.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter, randomized study involving 162,236 men aged 55-69 across eight European countries.
  • Participants were randomized to either a screening group (repeated PSA testing) or a control group (no screening).
  • Primary outcome measured was prostate cancer mortality with a median follow-up of 23 years.

Main Results:

  • Prostate cancer mortality was reduced by 13% in the screening group (rate ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.95).
  • Absolute risk reduction in mortality was 0.22% (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.34).
  • One prostate cancer death was prevented for every 456 men screened, and one for every 12 men diagnosed with cancer at 23 years.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term follow-up confirms that PSA testing sustains a reduction in prostate cancer deaths.
  • The harm-benefit ratio of PSA screening has improved over time.
  • Future screening should utilize risk-based approaches to minimize overdiagnosis while preserving clinical benefits.