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Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the...
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Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
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Pharmacodynamics is a scientific field that delves into drugs' intricate biochemical, cellular, and physiological effects on the human body. The study of pharmacodynamics helps us understand how drugs interact with the body and elicit various responses.
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It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
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As defined by regulatory standards, pharmaceutical equivalents require generic drug products to have identical dosage forms and chemically identical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). They must adhere to compendial or applicable standards for potency, content uniformity, disintegration times, and dissolution rates. In the case of modified-release dosage forms, variations in drug content are permissible as long as the delivered amount remains consistent with the innovator drug product.
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The Guide to Pharmacology database (GtoPdb) offers expert-curated pharmacological data on targets and ligands. Recent updates enhance content, including antibacterial pharmacology and natural products, improving drug discovery resources.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Biomedical Informatics
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY (GtoPdb) is a comprehensive, open-access database.
  • It provides expert-curated pharmacological data on protein targets and ligand molecules.
  • The database includes approved drugs, small molecules, peptides, and antibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report recent improvements and content expansion in the GtoPdb resource.
  • To highlight developments in antibacterial pharmacology and new curation areas.
  • To showcase the value of GtoPdb as a FAIR-compliant resource with external links.

Main Methods:

  • Database curation by experts.
  • Integration of data from collaborations (e.g., AntibioticDB).
  • Content expansion across multiple releases over two years.

Main Results:

  • The database now includes 3103 protein targets and 13,260 ligand molecules.
  • Significant expansion in antibacterial pharmacology, natural products, and nucleic acids content.
  • Improved presentation of approved drugs with new therapeutic targets and potential modulators.

Conclusions:

  • GtoPdb is a continuously updated, valuable resource for pharmacological research.
  • Its FAIR compliance and links to external databases enhance its utility.
  • The expanded content supports drug discovery and research in various pharmacological areas.