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Updated: Jul 10, 2026
VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma
Published on: December 28, 2015
Prognostic significance of oligoclonal bands and their subtypes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Serkan Ozakbas1, Said Alizada2, Sumeyye Cevik3
1Izmir University of Economics, Neurology Clinic, Sakarya Street No:156 Balçova, İzmir, TR, 35330, Turkey.
Objective:
To investigate the long-term prognostic significance of cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal band (OCB) positivity and its subtypes (Type 2 and Type 3) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
Methods:
This retrospective cohort included 2324 RRMS patients diagnosed using the 2017 McDonald criteria. All patients had documented OCB status and at least 2 years of clinical follow-up; a subset had 5-year data. Outcomes included Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), annualised relapse rate (ARR), and conversion to secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Subgroup analysis compared Type 2 and Type 3 OCBpositive patients.
Results:
OCB positivity was observed in 82.4 % of patients. At year 2, no significant differences in EDSS, ARR, or SPMS conversion were found between OCB-positive and OCB-negative groups. However, by year 5, the OCB-positive group had a significantly higher rate of conversion to SPMS (p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that Type 3 OCB patients had significantly lower EDSS scores at year 2 compared to Type 2 (p < 0.05), but this difference disappeared at year 5.
Conclusion:
OCB positivity may be associated with a higher risk of progression to SPMS over the long term. Type 3 OCB may indicate a milder early disease course, although its protective effect diminishes over time. Incorporating OCB subtype analysis into RRMS prognosis may enhance early risk stratification.
