Long noncoding RNAs in plant chromatin 3D conformation dynamics

The functions of lncRNAs extend well beyond the traditional gene-to-protein paradigm, highlighting their ability to fine-tune gene expression without encoding proteins. Notably, lncRNAs participate in a wide range of regulatory processes, including epigenetic modifications, chromatin organization, transcriptional control, and post-transcriptional regulation. These molecules have emerged as key regulators of gene expression, playing crucial roles in modulating plant plasticity in response to environmental cues. This review discusses the current understanding of lncRNAs in shaping the three-dimensional conformation of plant chromatin, exploring their mechanisms of action and functional relevance in development and environmental responses. We also situate these findings within a broader cross-kingdom context by integrating insights from other eukaryotic systems.