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Executive Function Performance in Spanish-Speaking Children With Developmental Language Disorder: Uniformity and

Felipe Torres-Morales1,2,3, Gary Morgan4, María Antonia Reyes1

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Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) struggle with executive functions (EFs), particularly interference control and verbal working memory. However, individual variability exists in EF performance among these children.

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Developmental language disorder (DLD) is frequently linked to executive function (EF) impairments.
  • The precise nature and pattern of these EF deficits in DLD remain incompletely understood.
  • Understanding these deficits is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific executive function (EF) profiles in Spanish-speaking children with DLD.
  • To compare EF performance between children with DLD and typically developing (TD) peers.
  • To identify which EF components are most affected in DLD.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed interference control, response inhibition, verbal and nonverbal working memory, and cognitive flexibility.
  • Included 171 children aged 6-8 years (72 with DLD, 99 TD).
  • Controlled for age and nonverbal reasoning in group comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Children with DLD showed significantly lower performance in interference control, response inhibition, and verbal working memory compared to TD peers.
  • Nonverbal working memory and cognitive flexibility did not significantly differ between groups.
  • Interference control emerged as the most impacted EF, followed by verbal working memory and response inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Spanish-speaking children with DLD exhibit varied executive function (EF) difficulties.
  • Significant individual differences in EF performance were observed within the DLD group.
  • Interference control and verbal working memory deficits are key characteristics of EFs in DLD.