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Long-term diversifying afforestation enhances soil microbial network complexity and stability.

Haoran Yu1, Raúl Ochoa-Hueso2, Yuzhi Wang3

  • 1School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130021, China.

Environmental Research
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
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Diversifying afforestation with more tree species enhances soil microbial diversity and network complexity in both shallow and deep soils. This strategy aids ecosystem restoration and soil health.

Keywords:
Diversifying afforestationMicrobial diversityNetwork complexityNetwork stabilitySoil microbial community

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Soil Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Afforestation aids soil regeneration and climate change mitigation.
  • Tree plantations alter soil microbial communities, but effects of tree diversity on microbial networks are understudied.
  • Limited knowledge exists on how afforestation impacts soil microbial networks across different soil depths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term effects of tree planting diversity on soil microbial networks.
  • To compare impacts on surface (0-10 cm) and deep (50-60 cm) soil layers.
  • To assess how afforestation influences bacterial and fungal diversity and network complexity.

Main Methods:

  • Long-term study (>45 years) in the Inner Mongolia Plateau.
  • Compared low (1), medium (3), and high (6) tree species diversity levels.
  • Analyzed microbial networks in surface and deep soil layers using structural equation modeling.

Main Results:

  • Afforestation with 3 and 6 tree species significantly enhanced bacterial and fungal diversity.
  • Increased tree diversity improved the stability and complexity of microbial networks in both soil layers.
  • Soil total carbon and microbial alpha diversity were key drivers of enhanced microbial network complexity.

Conclusions:

  • Diversifying afforestation is crucial for boosting belowground microbial diversity and interactions during ecosystem restoration.
  • Enhanced microbial networks contribute to improved soil health and ecosystem services.
  • This strategy offers a valuable approach for degraded land regeneration.