γδ T cells in Escherichia coli infection

gamma-delta (γδ) T cells reside in numerous tissues, recognize a vast array of antigens, and perform highly specialized functions. They have participated in antimicrobial and antitumor immunity, in modulation the immune responses and in tissue repair . γδ T cells are enriched in mucosa and skin; indeed, they are part of intraepithelial T lymphocytes, where they function as sentinels, promptly detecting infections, cellular stress, or tissue damage. It is well known that Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a common bacterium that can cause infections in humans. While many strains of E. coli are harmless and even beneficial to the host, some can cause gastroint estinal diseases or urinary tract infections, among other pathologies associated with the bacteria. The relationship between γδ T cells and E. coli remains relatively underexplored. However, gaining insight into this interaction is essential for understanding how γδ T cells recognize and respond to bacterial pathogens, a critical step in developing strategies for preventing and treating bacterial infections. This chapter explores the current knowledge about the role of human γδ T cells in infections caused by E. coli.