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Updates on Diagnostic Criteria of Inclusion Body Myositis
1Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America
|October 29, 2025
Summary
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a progressive muscle disorder with evolving diagnostic criteria. The latest 2024 European Neuromuscular Center criteria enhance sensitivity by incorporating muscle MRI and antibody advancements.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Immunology
- Genetics
Background:
- Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a progressive, inflammatory myopathy.
- Typical IBM affects finger flexors and knee extensors asymmetrically.
- Atypical presentations challenge early diagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the evolution of diagnostic criteria for IBM.
- To highlight recent advancements in IBM diagnosis.
- To introduce the 2024 European Neuromuscular Center (ENC) diagnostic criteria.
Main Methods:
- Review of historical and recent diagnostic criteria for IBM.
- Inclusion of novel diagnostic markers such as anti-cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase 1A antibody.
- Assessment of muscle MRI utility in IBM diagnosis.
Main Results:
- Diagnostic criteria for IBM have been refined since 1995.
- Muscle histopathology remains crucial for diagnosis.
- Muscle MRI and specific antibodies improve diagnostic accuracy.
Conclusions:
- The 2024 ENC criteria represent a significant update for IBM diagnosis.
- These criteria aim to improve sensitivity and incorporate new findings.
- Accurate diagnosis of IBM is essential for appropriate management.
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