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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Age and gender.

Katja Weimer1

  • 1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.

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|October 29, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Placebo effects are similar in children and adults, contrary to prior beliefs. Harnessing these effects can improve pediatric care, but more research is needed on neurobiology.

Keywords:
AdolescentAgeChildrenConditioningExpectationGenderInfantLearningPlacebo effect

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Psychology
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The role of age in placebo effects was understudied, particularly in pediatric populations.
  • Recent reviews and meta-analyses have begun to fill knowledge gaps regarding pediatric placebo responses.
  • Understanding age-related placebo mechanisms is crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on placebo effects in children and adolescents compared to adults.
  • To examine age and sex differences in placebo responses.
  • To explore the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms of placebo effects across age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature.
  • Comparison of placebo effects in pediatric clinical trials versus adult populations.
  • Analysis of psychological and neurobiological factors influencing placebo responses.

Main Results:

  • Placebo effects are not consistently larger in children than in adults.
  • Observed sex differences in placebo responses are sporadic.
  • Psychological mechanisms (expectancy, conditioning, interaction) are similar across ages, but their relative importance may vary.
  • Neurobiological underpinnings of pediatric placebo effects are largely unknown.

Conclusions:

  • Placebo effects do not systematically differ between children and adults.
  • Psychological mechanisms are conserved, but neurobiological aspects require further investigation in pediatric populations.
  • Harnessing placebo mechanisms is vital for enhancing pediatric therapeutic outcomes and minimizing nocebo effects.