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Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Variants.

Long Davalos1, John T Kissel2, Richard J Barohn3

  • 1The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3599 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.

Neurologic Clinics
|October 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute autoimmune disorder causing rapid weakness and potential respiratory failure. Current treatments like plasma exchange and IVIg aid recovery, with new therapies under investigation.

Keywords:
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathyAcute motor and sensory axonal neuropathyAcute motor axonal neuropathyBickerstaff brainstem encephalitisGuillain-Barré syndromeMiller-Fisher syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy.
  • It causes rapidly progressive muscle weakness and can lead to respiratory failure in up to 20% of cases.
  • GBS presents heterogeneously with varied clinical and electrophysiologic features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
  • To cover epidemiology, clinical manifestations, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To discuss the prognosis and emerging therapeutic strategies for GBS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge on GBS.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, clinical presentations, and diagnostic criteria.
  • Evaluation of established and investigational treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • GBS is characterized by rapid onset weakness and sensory disturbances.
  • Established treatments include plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg).
  • Novel treatments targeting the complement system, like C1q antibodies, show future promise.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and treatment of GBS are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
  • Plasma exchange and IVIg are effective in accelerating recovery and improving function.
  • Ongoing research into new therapies may further enhance GBS management and prognosis.