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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Histone Modification02:32

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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Author Spotlight: Enhancements in Gene Expression Regulation Research
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Cell-type- and locus-specific epigenetic editing of memory expression.

Davide M Coda1, Lisa Watt1, Liliane Glauser1

  • 1Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.

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Altering a single gene

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are hypothesized to function as molecular memory systems.
  • The role of specific epigenetic modifications at individual genomic sites in guiding learned behaviors is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether locus-specific epigenetic editing can regulate memory expression in neuronal ensembles.
  • To determine if epigenetic modifications at the Arc gene promoter are necessary and sufficient for memory recall.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CRISPR-based epigenetic editing tools for precise genomic modifications.
  • Employed c-Fos-driven engram technologies to target memory-bearing neurons.
  • Focused on the promoter region of the Arc gene, a key regulator of synaptic plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Locus-specific and temporally controlled epigenetic editing of the Arc promoter regulated memory expression.
  • These epigenetic modifications influenced memory recall during both labile and consolidated phases.
  • The observed effects were reversible, indicating the plasticity of these epigenetic mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Site-specific epigenetic dynamics are causally implicated in the expression of learned memories.
  • This study provides a proof-of-principle for the functional role of epigenetics in memory recall.