Exploring In Vivo Anti-Diabetic Potential of 2,3 and 2,6-dichloroindolinone: Biochemical and Histological Evidences

The high global prevalence of diabetes and treatment noncompliance is a great clinical challenge. Thus, the need for anti-diabetic medications is critical. In this regard, in vivo antidiabetic potential of the synthesized dichloroindolinone (C1 and C2) was investigated.

Different animal models were used for the oral glucose tolerance test and the alloxan-induced mice model at 25 mg, 50 mg, and 75 mg/kg po. Various biomarkers were examined for glycemic effects, followed by histological analysis.

The test compounds showed marked safety in the acute toxicity test up to 2000 mg/kg. In the oral glucose tolerance test, compounds elicited significant (* P < 0.05) effects at 25 mg, 50 mg, and 75 mg/kg. Similarly, the blood glucose levels were lowered at various test doses and pioglitazone 10 mg/kg when observed at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days of treatment in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The hepatic biomarkers, ALT and AST, were significantly regulated in test mice. Total Cholesterol (TC) and Triglycerides (TG) were significantly (* P < 0.05) modulated at various doses. The renal biomarkers, urea and serum creatinine, were also significantly (* P < 0.05) regulated. To strengthen the biochemical analysis, the histopathological examination of C1 and C2 in the pancreas revealed a prominent improvement in the morphological changes.

The C1 and C2 showed significant antidiabetic effects and significantly lowered ALT and AST levels, according to the results. The results of the biochemical profile showed that the test doses had considerably lowered TG and TC.

In short, both compounds exhibit acute safety, oral glucose tolerance, and antidiabetic effects in biochemical and histological amelioration.