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The Parathyroid Glands

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Published on: August 17, 2022

Sinking Stones and Fluorescent Undertones: Intraoperative Parathyroid Identification Technique.

Megan White¹, Kimberly O'Brien², Katy Marino¹

¹Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.

Annals of Thoracic Surgery Short Reports

|October 30, 2025

Summary

Ectopic parathyroid adenomas, often found in the mediastinum, require surgical removal. A novel 3-pronged intraoperative localization method using indocyanine green, parathyroid hormone assay, and densitometry aids in precise surgical resection.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Surgical Oncology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Ectopic parathyroid glands cause 6-16% of primary hyperparathyroidism cases.

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Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation

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Last Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

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Published on: August 17, 2022

Procurement of Parathyroid Glands from Living Donor Pigs and Ex Vivo Identification

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Published on: August 1, 2025

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation

Published on: March 14, 2017

Surgical resection is the definitive treatment for ectopic parathyroids.

Intraoperative localization techniques for mediastinal parathyroids are less described than preoperative methods.