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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...

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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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"Solid-in-Solid" Electrolyte via Scalable Melting Infiltration Method for High-Voltage Solid-State Lithium Metal

Tongtai Ji1, Huanyao Ge2, Nicole Rivera2

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.

Nano Letters
|October 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel solid-in-solid electrolyte combines a lithium zeolite (LiX) with a plastic crystal electrolyte (PCE) for safer, high-energy batteries. This advanced material enables scalable manufacturing and demonstrates excellent performance in solid-state batteries.

Keywords:
Plastic crystal electrolyteSolid-state electrolyteZeolite electrolyte“Solid-in-solid” architecture

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Batteries

Background:

  • Solid electrolytes are crucial for safe, high-energy-density batteries but face challenges in electrochemical stability, interfacial contact, and manufacturing.
  • Current solid-state battery (SSB) technologies are limited by electrolyte performance and scalable production methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel solid-in-solid electrolyte architecture for improved SSB performance and manufacturability.
  • To investigate the ionic transport mechanisms and electrochemical properties of the new electrolyte system.
  • To demonstrate the potential of the developed electrolyte for practical, high-power SSB applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a "solid-in-solid" electrolyte by infiltrating a porous lithium zeolite (LiX) with a melt-processable plastic crystal electrolyte (PCE).
  • Characterization of ionic conductivity (0.55 mS/cm at 20 °C) and electrochemical stability.
  • Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to elucidate Li+ transport pathways.
  • Development of a roll-to-roll-compatible melt infiltration strategy for scalable SSB fabrication.
  • Performance testing of SSBs including rate capability, cycling stability, and voltage compatibility.

Main Results:

  • The LiX-PCE electrolyte exhibits enhanced electrochemical stability compared to pure PCE.
  • Three distinct Li+ transport pathways were identified: within LiX, within PCE, and at phase boundaries.
  • Scalable roll-to-roll fabrication of SSBs using melt infiltration was demonstrated.
  • Achieved excellent rate performance (up to 10 C), 93% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 2C, and 4.5 V compatibility.

Conclusions:

  • The "solid-in-solid" LiX-PCE electrolyte offers a promising solution for overcoming limitations in current solid-state battery technology.
  • The melt-processability and identified transport mechanisms provide critical design principles for high-performance solid-state electrolytes.
  • This work presents a viable pathway toward practical, fast-charging, high-power solid-state batteries.