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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.

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Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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Band-Geometry-Driven Spin Photocurrent in Centrosymmetric Altermagnets.

Ruizhi Dong1, Yihua Xiao1, Ruixiang Fei1

  • 1Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing 100081, China and Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing 100081, China.

Physical Review Letters
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PubMed
Summary

Geometric band geometry in centrosymmetric altermagnets generates transverse spin currents, similar to the spin Hall effect. This occurs without breaking inversion symmetry, offering novel pathways for spin transport.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Spintronics
  • Quantum Geometry

Background:

  • Geometric responses of Bloch states are key to charge and spin transport in solids.
  • The geometry of Hamiltonian eigenvalues is typically considered trivial.
  • Altermagnets are a new class of magnetic materials with unique symmetry properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Hamiltonian eigenvalue geometry in spin transport.
  • To explore spin current generation in centrosymmetric altermagnets.
  • To identify mechanisms for switchable spin transport without charge flow.

Main Methods:

  • Quantum perturbation theory applied to optical excitation and static electric fields.
  • Symmetry-based analysis of centrosymmetric spin point groups.
  • First-principles calculations on α-MnTe and MnF_{2}.

Main Results:

  • The geometry of Hamiltonian eigenvalues can generate transverse spin currents in altermagnets.
  • Two leading mechanisms, effective-mass and group-velocity terms, are identified, linked to band geometry.
  • These mechanisms enable selective and switchable spin transport without charge flow, independent of inversion symmetry breaking.
  • Predicted spin conductivities are experimentally accessible under moderate fields.

Conclusions:

  • The seemingly trivial geometry of Hamiltonian eigenvalues plays a significant role in spin transport.
  • Centrosymmetric altermagnets offer a platform for novel spintronic phenomena.
  • The findings pave the way for designing materials with controlled spin currents.